Svenska Handelsbanken Case Analysis free essay sample

Customer-orientation (Christian, to provide live example) Autonomy (elaine, to provide live example from her own company to support this point). 3. What does this tell us about the key sources for success of ANY decentralized business? empowerment/autonomy (control responsibility down to branch) foster the competition among decentralized units. use KPI to closely monitor the performance of decentralized units. Shared value amongst all branches. systematic support from head office for all units. ( ) 4. What are the challenges that Lars Kahnlund faces in this particular organization, in his efforts to drive change and accelerate growth? alance the culture of autonomy and directive approach. =gt; branch has strong motivation to control its own product and service. =gt; from perspective of entire company, new competitive products may be also needed. really hard to control the decentralized unit, because there are so many branches out there and structure is so flat. how would he get his strategy executed effectively and efficiently ? how can we keep them in order ? too many culture in different areas, so he needs to take care culture conflicts. We will write a custom essay sample on Svenska Handelsbanken Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page resistance from employees is expected. (elaborate on this later, including the perservative culture)

The Temper Tantrums Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

The Temper Tantrums Children And Young People Essay Essay Example The Temper Tantrums Children And Young People Essay Essay The Temper Tantrums Children And Young People Essay Essay Mothering is the interaction manner of female parent with her kids. A female parent should be patient and good hearer. She should maintain herself cool in negative fortunes. She should her kid at every measure. She should be responsible for demands and properties of her kid. She should take involvement in the activities of her kid. It will convey positive alterations in her kid ( Freud, 1946 ) . Fathering is a large duty. Father is a function theoretical account for his kid. Child observes the behaviour of his male parent and imitates it. He has to take the duty of his kid s every demand like nutrient, shelter, vesture and instruction. He should affection and love towards his kid. Small words of grasp and encouragement can develop the assurance of kid ( Runkel, 2008 ) . 1. Temper fits Temper fits are really ambitious. If a yearling is going fit so seek to deviate his attending. Try to prosecute him in another activity and give him picks. A day-to-day everyday agenda can be established with regular feeding, sleeping and drama times. It will ensue a happy and developed behaviour. 2. Potty preparation Children might oppose enamored preparation. But female parent should non implement him enamored sitting but she should maintain herself unagitated. Sleep affects enamored preparation session. Mother should take attention about his slumber. She should put their timing by bound nutrient and imbibe 2 hours before bed.She should promote for a enamored trip before slumber. Bullying is violent behavior that can be verbal or physical. Boys show strong-arming behavior largely by physical actions like forcing, kicking or hitting. While girls engage in verbal intimidation. Parents can assist their striplings cover with the common issue of strong-arming by following these guidelines: Parent should understand the state of affairs and earnestness of intimidation. Parents must acknowledge initial behaviour that led to strong-arming. Parents should utilize suited schemes harmonizing to the nature of kid. Parent should educate their kid about strong-arming that is non accepted behaviour and they must avoid it. Parent should learn their kids to get by emphasis. Physical exercising, disbursement clip in playing or disbursement clip in the company of nature can get by emphasis ( Campbell, 2005 ) . In limited caretaking parents are primary caretaker and expansive parents have limited connexion with their expansive kids. Grandparents can non affect in the instruction of their grandchildren. They can non look into their school records. But in nonvoluntary caretaking expansive parenting, expansive parents are primary attention taker. They have full-time detention over them and responsible for their every affair. Grandparents have positive impacts on the life of grandparents. They change their life manner and built up positive character of their grandchildren. Grandchildren become cognizant of covering with different fortunes of life without parents. They behave as responsible individual and go more disciplined. They did non experience entirely but being loved and experience satisfied. Grandparents told them past narratives and about their traditions and cultural values and they become cognizant of cultural values. Due to positive attitude towards life, they take involvement in surveies and demo good public presentation in surveies. Due to these positive impacts of grandparents on the life of grandchildren, parent should include them to act upon their kid s life. National Extension Parent Education Model provides research based information about parenting. It improves rearing accomplishments. It assists parents to care themselves foremost. By caring themselves, their stress degree will diminish which will diminish spread between parent. And close relationship brings assurance in kid. It enables the parents to understand the behaviour of their kids by observation. Parents understand the demands of their kids by their behavioural cues. It enables the parents to steer and train their kids efficaciously. Consistency in counsel drama important function in the development of kid. It makes the parents to foster their kid which brings positive results and increase their degree of competency. It patterns the parents to actuate their kids which provides chances to pupils to larn more and more. And they develop intellectually and go antiphonal. Poverty refers to economic adversities and run intoing the basic demands of life. It impacts both parents and kids. It resists parents to go good parents. It increases the stress degree of parents which result into bad attitude towards kids. It may take to child maltreatment. It effects physical wellness of kids due to deficient money. When they do non run into their basic demands, they effects psychologically and demo mental and behavioural jobs. It lowers down the educational results of kids. Education of kid is combined duty of parents and kids. Parents can back up their kids in the schoolroom in many ways. They meet the instructors face-to-face on regular footing to about the advancement of their kid. They should seek their degree best to go to school s field trips and concerts. It send a message that they take attention about the instruction of their kid. There are following two outside resources to back up your household: Parents should move as instructor. They should steer their household members. It is their duty to supply medical services to their household. Divorce is a drab determination. It breaks down a household bond and effects the kids both psychologically and emotionally. Parental loss is major consequence. Child feels alienated and become victim of anxiousness and depression. He has to confront many jobs in school. He is teased by his equal group. Furthermore, he has to confront fiscal jobs sometimes. Parents can meet move the negativeness and back up their kids in following manner: societal support by parents can assist them to follow positive attitude towards life. Parents have to do their kids to confront multiple state of affairss in school and how to get by with them. Take a calendar and put your clip agenda for whole twenty-four hours forenoon to dark. Avoid wastage of clip from forenoon to eventide. Then follow your clip tabular array. It will heighten the lives of their kids. Parents should themselves in kid s school maps like field trips and concert. As, it send a message that they take attention about their kids. Overweight see organic structure weight with regard to personify composing or tallness. Overweight kids have opportunities of sever fleshiness in maturity. Overweight leads to serious physiological wellness jobs. It affects mental development of kids and do psychological jobs like anxiousness. It involves high hazard of asthma, cardiovascular diseases like high blood force per unit area and high cholesterin. It leads to musculoskeletal and fatty liver upset. It causes orthopaedic jobs and agitation during slumber. Fat accretion resists insulin production and cause diabetes. Parents can assist their kids in following ways: They should do their kids to follow healthy life manner by altering their eating wonts. They should develop their modus operandi with maximal physical activities to fire their Calories. It may include athleticss or merely playing. They should allow them avoid saccharides and debris nutrient. They should allow them eat fresh fruits and vegetable alternatively of jammed juices. Physical disable kids are really sensitive. It is great undertaking for parent to manage them positively. Parents can assist their kid in different Fieldss of life in many ways. Parents should follow positive attitude towards their kids. They should take them as load. It will increase their hurting and agonies. They should seek to understand their jobs and assist them in happening solution of these jobs. Like other kids, pick devising is a great and hard undertaking for them. Parents should steer and assist them in this concern. They should allow them emotional support in schoolroom activities. They should promote them. It will convey assurance and positive acquisition results. They should learn the equal group their disable kid to offer their assist their aid respectfully and may non damage their self-respect socially. They should measure their kids to seek originative ways to affect physical disable kid to different drama activities. For illustration, it is easy for disable kid to play with blocks on a tabular array with his equal group, sitting on his wheel chair. Adopted parents may confront many frights and natural insecurities after following a kid. Adopted kid besides feels disaffection and anxiousness due to loss of their biological parents. Some kids feel wonder about their familial history, which will make confusion and misgiving towards their parents. It will take down their degree of self-esteem. Adopted parents can assist them in their grudges for their separation from their biological parents. They should state him about his familial history and assist him to happen their individuality. It will develop trust on adoptive parents and set up good relationship and raise their degree of self-pride. Some of this information has been taken from Caught in the center: Protecting the kids of high-conflict divorce. Because it manages the detention instance of contested kid and evaluate parent kid relationship and parenting accomplishments efficaciously. There is assortment of child attention plan due to different school of idea. There are many positive effects of s quality child care plan. High quality child care plans in childhood lead to academic success in following life. While hapless parent s kid can non vie them in academic public presentation. By effectual schemes, kids show positive behavioural alteration. It besides leads to intellectual development a kid. You can convert parents that your plan is ideal childcare plan by informing them about your high aim for rational and behavioural development of a kid, effectual programs to accomplish your aims, and its positive effects. Parents frequently wish that a rearing manual came with their kids. A it suggests that they are member of their kid s schoolroom. An appropriate parenting theoretical account which is suited for every societal category, race and cultural group convey to parents that your schoolroom is tolerant, supportive and promoting to all households.

Low carb better than low fat to prevent cardiac disease Assignment

Low carb better than low fat to prevent cardiac disease - Assignment Example ed, parallel-group trial with the aim of examining the effects of low-carbohydrate in comparison to the effects of a low-fat diet on body weight and CVD" (Bazzano et al., 2014, p. 308). The participants included representatives of all populations and observation were made for a period of twelve months. In the previous studies either the participants failed to complete the study, had low participation, involved small size, failed to examine the effect of low-carbohydrate on weight reduction or did not take into consideration the population diversity. However, the present clinical trial involved examination of the effect of low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss, included black members that were previously ignored and had high completion rate of eighty percent and the sample size relatively bigger (Bazzano et al., 2014). Therefore, the outcome of the investigation was more accurate and convincing. Consumption of diet with low-carbohydrate results to a reduction of weight and CVD risk factors compared to low-fat diets. The low-carbon and low-fat diets use contribute to decline of plasma glucose, blood sugar, creatinine and serum insulin levels in an uniform fashion among the diverse population of the participants (Bazzano et al., 2014). Therefore, persons intending to lose weight or reduce CVD risk factors can decide to consume a diet with low-carbohydrate as opposed to low-fat diets. Furthermore, the policy makers can plan on policy intervention applicable to diverse groups in the United States as opposed to using of different policies for various groups since similar foods have same effects on diverse populations. The study is of significance to the research centers because it has increased knowledge about effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on reduction of weight and CVD risk factors. The health caregivers can comfortably recommend the use of low-carbohydrate diet s to people with obesity for reducing weight and CVD risk factors There has been a major

Business Intelligence Report (BIR) about the company's management Essay

Business Intelligence Report (BIR) about the company's management practices - Intorduction and Conclusion - Essay Example Whole Food Market had been experiencing heavy rise in profits since Jan 2001. The hard work of its team members and strong leadership at the helm of affairs helped the company prosper. Whole Foods products include only natural and organic products. These products include everything from produce, bakery items, cheese, coffee, meat, seafood, body products, supplements, wine, floral, house hold cleaning products and pet products. Their marketing is being taken care by a team of 45 proficient marketers and the employee pool is a rich in expertise and a diverse pool. All in all, Whole food has a solid ensemble in all areas of its management. Organization Structure 2. Organizational Structure The Organizational Structure section can include a chart but should include an explanation of the company's organizational structure and how that impacts the company's performance. Whole Foods Market depends on organizational structure to ensure performance that would impact employees and customers. S ince January 2001 Whole Food Market has experienced increase in sales, profits, and stock prices. The success of the company has flourished from the hard work of team members and strong leadership throughout the company.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Compare and contrast - Essay Example For the third paragraph, it talks about the comparison and contrast of the form. The form is the description of what can be seen in the painting such as the color, geometric forms, lines, contrast of dark and light colors. It talks more on the appearance of whatever that can be seen within the artwork. For the last paragraph, it talks about the feeling of the writer about the paintings. The painting entitled â€Å"The Last Supper† was originally painted in the 15th century by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance period. It is a piece of artwork painted directly on a wall in Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan with a measurement of 450 by 870 centimeters or 15 feet by 29 feet. Leonardo da Vinci painted the mural on a dry wall which means that it is not a true fresco. He sealed the stone wall with a layer of pitch, gesso and mastic then paint onto the sealing layer with tempera or in a permanent fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium. In the year 1518 to 1594, Jacobo Tintoretto painted his own version of â€Å"The Last Supper† in San Giorgo Maggiore, Venice. He painted on oil on canvass with a measurement of 12 feet by 18 feet, 8 inches. The paintings painted by da Vinci and Tintoretto are a group of people in a room particularly Jesus Christ and his twelve disciples. In Tintoretto’s painting there are other people that can be seen such as the servers and many flying images on the both sides of the top but in da Vinci’s painting only the portraits of Jesus and his disciples or apostles. Both of the paintings portray the reaction shown by each apostle when Jesus said that one of them would betray him. The effect of his words leads them to a visible response. All of the twelve apostles have different reactions to the news, with different levels of anger and shock. In da Vinci’s painting, he grouped the apostles into four groups of three united by their posture and gesture, with Jesus in

Examining How Police Respond To Rape Allegations Criminology Essay

Examining How Police Respond To Rape Allegations Criminology Essay This briefing paper contains detailed information relating to police response to rape, it assesses whether things have improved in order to prevent rape or to help rape victims. Rape victims have different beliefs about the police response to rape cases based on what they believe to be discrimination. The main reason behind concealing rape incidents and not reporting to police service is the uncontrollable distrust of police as believed by the people based on the consumption that police officers are not able to provide support and protection. Another vital reason is the unsympathetic and harsh investigations which are currently carried out by police officers, which carry out a heavy trauma to rape victims, as they get questioned in a way that gives them the feeling of being the rapist not the victim. However these are not the only reasons why rape victims tend to conceal rape incidents to police. What is rape Rape in English law, was defined as; a penis entering a vagina, an anus or a mouth. Derived from Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c.42, S1) (see appendix5). Rape includes various types, under different circumstances such as; Date rape, Marital rape, Gang rape, Acquaintance rape, Spousal rape, Ancestral rape, Statutory rape, Institution rape, Communal rape, Male rape, Stranger rape and Revenge rape. Background There are numerous beliefs and wrong attitudes related to rape, which have been accompanied with us for centuries. By looking at myths, such as women ask for it, is an example from a past perception which had various negative effects on the victims. Present myths and attitudes developed from the English Common Law system which had its roots from the Bible. In early recorded history, rape was a way which a wife could be obtained. Bride Capture, as it was termed, occurred when a man raped a woman and then was able to take her to be his wife. Rape was always defined in relation to marriage, and marriage was considered as an exchange of property, however, this is not the case nowadays, where a wife is not considered to be an object to obtain anymore. In 1975, Susan Brownmillers Against Our Will, illustrated extensive awareness to the matter of rape by examining the historical and cultural perspective in which women rape existed. The ten years following publication of this book witnessed large increases in public awareness of sexual violence as well as in the parliament, as new laws were introduced in order to prevent rapes, and the introduction of the marital rape. In 1980 the child sexual abuse was recognised, therefore, improvements to police response was vital, in order to prevent child sexual abuse, using the medias help in creating awareness. Analysis (both positive and negative aspects) There are various approaches to methods used by police in reaction and response to rape. Negative approach to rape is very common within the contemporary society, as media plays an extremely vital role in order to convey up the idea of negative aspects on the Police Service. A negative police response can compound the trauma suffered by a rape victim, making it less likely that she will decide to proceed with legal action and a strong possibility that her experience will deter others from even making the initial police contact in similar circumstances. If for no other reason, it is in the overall interests of law enforcement for the police to act in ways that are consistent with promoting the victims emotional well-being. (Jordan, 2001b, p75). According to Home Office 2008-2009 (see the graph in Appendix1) only 25% of recorded crimes of sexual violence have been brought to Justice, this illustrates that 75% of recorded rape cases are disregarded by Police Service, which confirms the negative aspects illustrated by the media. However in 2007-2008 only 22% of recorded crimes of sexual violence have been brought to justice, this exemplifies that there has been some improvements (3% Change) in the service within a year. Attrition; is the development process by which rape cases are withdrawn from legal process, therefore, they do not result in a criminal conviction. Some would argue that the first point of attrition is the failure to report the crime to the police service; this can be due to the lack of trust in the police service or fear of the offender. The graph (see Appendix2) revealed by BBC in 2010, based on Sterns review on rape convictions and attritions shows that 74% of the suspects were not brought to justice because of different reasons, such as not enough evidence, no further action is required, withdraw of victim complaint due to fear of the offender, lack of trust in the service or cultural backgrounds. Judges had also criticized police response in the rape case of a teenager who had been kidnapped, raped and forced to practice prostitution, as they had failed to provide assistance to the teenager when required, due to the lack of efficiency of the police when related to rape crime. (McCormack, H., 2005.). John Worboys case is another case where police was criticized by both members of the public and the media for unenthusiastic response to rape which had many impacts on the victim. In 2009, John Worboys was sentenced to go to prison for an indefinite period, for raping and attacking females in his black cab. In IPPC Report 2008 commissioners stated that lives were ruined in view of the fact that police officers failed to take the incident seriously and grimly, however all the police officers who were involved with this case were disciplined. Therefore to some extent, improvements were made in the form of disciplinary actions, to officers who dont take similar incidents if happened in the future seriously. (BBC., Casciani, D., 2010) In 1980s one in every three complaints of rape ended in a conviction. Today, it is one in twenty this illustrates that instead of improving the response to rape through convicting rapists, rapists are getting away with the offence they have committed (BBC., Geoghegan, T.,2007). Therefore the victims of rape are requesting protection and justice for the trauma they suffered. In result to these negative aspects of the police response to rape, parliament introduced Sexual Offences Investigation Trained Officers (SOIT, also known as Specially Trained Officers) who are fully trained and qualified officers who interview the rape victims in order to reduce the trauma and stress as well as collecting the required evidence without creating big impacts on the victims, as these officers have been trained in psychological effects of the crime. (McVeigh, K., 2010.) However the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) should expand a code of conduct for SOIT officers as there is no current code of conduct to control the actions of the SOITs. The police officers are trying to meet the requirements of male rape victims, however, by not having a database of the SOIT; officers reduce the effectiveness of response to the victims. In the case of a male rape victim, it may require the assistance of a male SOIT, to get the facts of the victim. Currently, it is very difficult to acc ess this data, to be able to request a specific officer in order to provide assistance, which is leading to miscommunication issues. Another development which has occurred in the MPS, is that Sexual Offence Examiners (SOE) were introduced in order to improve the quality of service provided and progress the response to victims of rape, as SOEs are exclusively educated in sexual offence examination. However there is no database of SOE relating to their availability, ethnicity, gender and level of skill which can also cause miscommunication with the victims, by dealing with them without consideration of certain requirements. Thus even though improvements are taken place within the service they are not fully developed to provide good response to the victims of rape. (Metropolitan Police Authority, 2002) Another positive step is made by the Association of Chief Police Officer (ACPO) as it provides guidance for the first response officers on the procedure followed when dealing with a rape report case; which contains clear and beneficial information to the first response officer on the actions to be taken following an initial deployment and scene attendance. Furthermore, in 2009 National Police Improvement Agency, provided briefing notes for the first responder to a rape case, however on the other hand, first response officers are unaware of how to approach victims and take an initial account from them, so this is considered to be a constraining effect. (NPIA., 2009) The interview of the rape victims is key to the investigation in order to provide efficient response to rape victims. A successful investigation is required by police officer and failure to deal with evidential weaknesses can only serve to challenge the victims account and thereby decrease the probability of successful prosecution. The rape reports should be investigated by chief officers in order to obtain reasonable evidence as chief officers are experienced in dealing and responding to any sort of crime including rape. Additionally Police officers are not victim trained in other words officers are unaware of how to response to all types of crimes which causes by response to any sort of crime reporters (victims). However MPS is bringing up measures to tackle rape to take place for instance introducing campaigns such as Police Rape Awareness Campaign which states that drinking is not illegal however rape is illegal (see Appendix4) therefore this is a vital improvement which is curre ntly taking place. Gang rape is a rising problem in United Kingdom, trepidation of the gangs ground the victims to not to conceal rape incidents to the Police service thus this illustrates that Police service is unable to provide protection and justice to rape victims as gang is an criminal thus this shows that Police service do not have good reputation for protection and justice as the issue of gangs are still not solved however minor information was considered by the MPS relating to this problem and to some extend measures are taken place to tackle this crime to provide better response to gang rape victims. (Longstaff, L., 2009) Within the contemporary society police officers are particularly at risk of being misinformed by stereotypes thus this makes them to be suspicious about any complaints they receive from the rape victims especially on victims who are unemotional or look calm. Thus the suspicion reduces the quality of the response provided to the rape victims as the investigation will be conducted in a way to test the explanation of the victim in an insensible and abusive way however this has extremely bad impact as it obstructs the best evidence to be taken from the victim for successful prosecution. The police officers also have the judgement and discretion to record primary information report under the category they think suitable. (Davies, M., 1997, p190-200) In United Kingdom police officers receive very little amount of training in law and practice to do with rape or sexual abuse. For instance Special Constables (voluntary police officers) get basic training of 18 days which doesnt include any knowledge or information relating to sexual offences even though they have the same power as a regular police officer, so this shows that if a special constable needs to deal with an sexual offence they do not have any knowledge of how to respond to rape however within the police service beginner police officers have someone experienced to assist them throughout their probation period for two years therefore police can always request assistance to respond efficiently to rape cases. Â   Conclusions The response of police to rape incidents are improving however these improvement are not at high-quality level to assist rape victims to overcome the trauma and stress the have suffered thus more development and improvements are required to create better environment for all members of the public and especially for rape victims thus the police service must improve their reputation to gain trust of the members of the public by providing better response to all sort of crime and offer protection. Another positive enhancement which can have constructive impact on the rape victims is through introducing a data base program to police officers with the details of SOIT officers and SOEs to supply the needs of these victims. The MPS already have briefing notes and guidance of how to take action while investigating rape incidents on the other hand it is not detailed sufficiently to support officers while dealing with rape incidents effectively therefore improvement on these guidance and briefin g notes will increase the quality of the response by police officers. Nowadays Police officers get basic training on rape response however this basic training does not include victim training which means police officers do not know how to treat or response to rape victims but if this training is added into the basic training then it will be easier on the police officers and the rape victims will receive effective response. Finally the most significant improvement which can occur within the Police Service to tackle unenthusiastic response to rape victims will be through taking the rape cases more seriously and prevent suspicious and unsympathetic investigations by the police officers.

Abortion :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abortion and Govn't   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freedom Of Choice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since 1973 abortion has been an important controversial issue to the United States. The problem begins should it be a woman's choice whether or not to terminate her pregnancy or should it be the governments choice. This is where a woman looses her rights as a person. If abortion is not remained legal woman will start performing them illegally. One third to one half of all pregnancies in the United States end in abortion,2,500 of these abortions will be performed illegally. Although some oppose abortion for being used as a form of birth control,Abortion should remain legal because it is a woman's choice and protects the privacy of an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some teenagers and woman abuse abortion as a form of birth control. Many woman have used legal abortions as a drastic form of contraception, due to carelessness or ignorance of better methods. Abortion should remain legalized for the fact that if it's not kept legal many women perform illegal abortions. This is such as self abortion methods which are even more dangerous; these included are lye, Lysol, iodine douches, as well as self inserted catheters, knitting needles an goose quills. When women lose their right to choose abortion they may start performing them illegally. This may do serious harm to the mother and her body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is a woman's choice. Woman accepted the definition that a woman's prime role was as wife and mother and control of ones own body. Once they had choices about life roles, they came to feel they had the right to choose abortion to run their own life's. Any woman should have the ability to choose when to have a child in their marital and sexual freedom. Many woman

Social Injustice’s of Women in India

Violations Against Women in India Women all over the world are affected by social injustice. In many countries rules and laws have been put in place to ensure the equal treatment of women. Although these laws and rules have not kept things perfect they have helped to maintain a balance between men and women. This work towards equality does not function the same in all countries. There are still places where women are beaten, raped, and murdered without so much as a second thought. Some of these places even have rules in place to prevent these practices, but they are frequently overlooked. India is one of these places. A place that is both progressive on paper and in some urban areas but are also far behind in practice and in rural communities. What progress has already been made to protect women in India and what still needs to be done to ensure the equal treatment of women in all areas of India? According to the International Violence Against Women Act on Amnesty International’s site, â€Å"Violence against women and girls represents a global health, economic development, and human rights problem. At least one out of every three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime, with rates of domestic violence reaching 70% in some countries. † This abuse of women and their rights is something more developed countries are taking very seriously. Over 7,000 women in India will be murdered by their family or their husband’s family because of arguments about dowries. â€Å"Violence against women is rooted in a global culture of discrimination which denies women equal rights with men and which legitimizes the appropriation of women's bodies for individual gratification or political ends. Every year, violence in the home and the community devastates the lives of millions of women. † (Amnesty). The study of why and how women are treated they way they have been is a fairly recent study. Purkayastha explains when this study arose, â€Å"The contemporary study of gender in India arose within a specific sociohistorical context: the establishment of a nation-state in 1947 after two centuries of British colonialism† (Purkayastha , 504). A long time ago in India men and women were prescribed equal status but as time progressed, through medieval times of great inequalities between men and women to the present days of equal rights. In an opening verse of the Apastamba Sutra from around 4 BCE, quoted and translated on Amnesty International, it is stated that, â€Å"the primary duty of women is enjoined to be service to one’s husband. † Originally in ancient India women were looked at as equals. They were free to choose their own husbands at a mature age and maintained equal status in most areas of life. Shortly after this period of equality the number of equalities that existed between men and women began to diminish. Invasions as well as Christianity were contributors to the decline of equal rights for women. As the medieval period came around in India conditions for women continued to get worse. Sati, when a woman throws herself on her husband’s funeral pyre, child marriages, and the ban of women remarrying became the norm for Indian women. Polygamy in the Hindu tradition became more mainstream, as well as the sexual exploitation of temple women. While all of these hardships for women existed there also existed a small counterforce of women who surpassed men in areas like religion, education and politics. Sikhism also provided women with an opportunity for more rights and greater equality. One of the main messages of the Sikhs being equality between men and women especially during worship, for example when singing, being active members of the community, marriage equality, Baptismal equality, and even the opportunity to lead armies. According to Amnesty International â€Å"Violence against women is rampant in all corners of the world. Such violence is a human rights violation that manifests itself in a number of ways, including: violence against women in custody, acid burning and dowry deaths, â€Å"honor† killings, domestic violence, female genital mutilation, human rights violations based on actual or perceived sexual identity, gender based asylum, and the problem of impunity† (Amnesty). These violations against women exist all over the world especially in less progressive areas, such as third world countries, one of these countries being India. Violations against women in prison go largely unnoticed because these are things that happen behind closed doors and are mostly invisible to the public. Things like rape, groping during body searches, shackling during childbirth, and sexual assault are all common practices that have existed within in prisons in India. Sexual favors and lack of physical and psychological care are also major issues in many female correctional facilities. Another previously common social injustice against women in India is acid burning and dowry deaths. Jejeebhoy explains how keeping women in the dark is a way of expelling control, â€Å"Evidence of the limited control that Indian women exercise over their own lives is increasingly documented. Recent studies underscore their limited control over material and other resources, their restricted access to knowledge and information, their constrained authority to make independent decisions, their enforced lack of physical mobility, and their inability to forge equitable power relationships within families (Basu 1992; Visaria 1996; Jejeebhoy 2000). The role of men as gatekeepers enforcing this status quo is implicitly recognized, and, particularly since the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994, the need to involve men in working for greater gender equity has been widely expressed† (Jejeebhoy, 299). An interview with a traveler to India, who experienced some direct encounters of female injustice and its current practice, was conducted. Devin Anderson a senior at the University of Iowa experienced accounts of female inequality and degradation through members of his Knolls group when studying in India. Interviewer: When you were in India where did you travel? DEVIN: I backpacked mostly in the Himalayan Mountains and in nearby rural villages. INTERVIEWER: While you traveled in these villages did you witness or experience any inequalities between the women and men? DEVIN: In many of the villages I visited the men and the women both held specific roles, ones that were part of their society, part of their way of living. Most of the duties that these roles implied were based on gender. I had also witnessed some inequality between the two genders. Like one day we went to a restaurant type place in one of the larger rural villages we were visiting, and while we were there some of the women in my group went to go order some food. The men who were there to take orders blatantly ignored their requests and waited for one of the men in our group to order for them. Women were apparently not allowed to speak or order for themselves and the men there actually seemed a little offended that these women had even tried. INTERVIEWER: What were some of the duties the women had versus the men? DEVIN: Typical things that many people think of when it comes to older American practices. Things like the men would tend to the animals and slaughter them for the meals. Women were expected to look after the children, cook, and tend to the house. INTERVIEWER: Do you think major inequalities like these exist all over India? DEVIN: No, many women in India have jobs and lives all their own, especially in urban areas. Unfortunately in many rural areas many inequalities still exist. There are four main practices that can still be found in practice in rural areas even with the ban that exists on them. These four practices are sati, jauhar, purdah, and devadasis. Sati is a rather old practice where a widow throws herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. This practice was abolished in 1829 but there have still been reported cases in India. Jauhar is the practice of burning the living wives and even daughters of warriors who had been defeated. This was supposed to be a voluntary act meant to prevent the capture and rape by the enemy. This practice has not officially been banned in India. Purdah is a practice that is still common all over India. It is the act of requiring women to keep their bodies covered in order to disguise their form. The practice of purdah is not religious like most believe and the extent to which a woman must be covered is decided by whichever group has imposed the idea. The last drastic social injustice against women in India is devadasis. This is the marrying of a woman to a certain deity or temple. Later during the medieval period it became common for men to engage in the sexual exploitation of these women. Much of the violence and rights violations that women in India experience, come from the home. Jejeebhoy explains, â€Å"In most of India, in both north and south and among both Hindus and Muslims, the family is mainly patriarchal, patrilocal, and patrilineal. The country has long been known for in egalitarian gender relations (Altekar 1962; Karve 1965). Women are defined as inferior; husbands are assumed to â€Å"own† women, and to have the right to dominate them. In egalitarian gender relations deny women a decision-making role in family matters, inhibit them from moving about freely, prevent their access to material resources, and expose them to violence in the household† Jejeebhoy, 300). The limitations that are imposed on women are what help to keep them down. By keeping women down they are kept from knowing anything different, anything that will help them to become equal, protected people. Since India has become independent women are allowed to be a part of almost all public aspects of life. Areas like art, politics, science/technology, and education are ju st a few examples of Indian culture that women were not always allowed to be a part of. The fight of women for rights has lead to the government of India to view women as equal. Ray explains, â€Å"Analysis of the various identities through which women are mobilized can- not be complete without the recognition of the increased visibility of women in right wing movements in many parts of the world† (Ray, 51). The Constitution of India actually provides assurance of equal opportunity, pay, and no discrimination. The Indian government now also promotes humane work conditions and time off for maternity leave. Feminism did hit India, in a smaller way than in the United States and more than a decade later. Ray explains that the written word is what helped spread feminism and activism, â€Å"Literature on women's activism has shown that women are mobilized not only as women but also as mothers, workers, peasants, and citizens. Initially, scholars focused on interests, specifically whether such a thing as â€Å"women's interests† could be identified. More recently the focus has been on identities, specifically how identities mobilize women† (Ray, 48-49). A case of rape of a young girl in a police station kicked off several protests in the late 70s. This led to the formation of many NGOs that supported women’s rights and help feminism ideas spread to more rural communities. The formation of these NGOs also gave recognition to the overall lack in education and economic development for Indian women. The initial lack of technology and capitalism kept Indian women marginalized for a long time. It was not until India began to â€Å"Westernize† that women began to mobilize. Ray states, â€Å"The representatives of the first position argue that a rise in the levels of urbanization, industrialization, and education leads to an increase in women's mobilization (Chafetz & Dworkin 1986, Margolis 1993; for a critique see Basu 1995, Papanek 1993). It has become increasingly evident that this focus on the spread of capital- ism, or on general processes of urbanization, industrialization, and education obscures rather than illuminates the processes that shape women's movements† (Ray, 52). Globalization has also played a major role in India’s development and progress with women’s rights. After the spread of technology and women in third world countries were able to see and hear about the progress women had been making in other countries they themselves were able to rise up an organize. According to Ganguly-Scrase, â€Å"Globalization has and continues to have differential impacts on men and women (Basu 1995; Bergeron 2001; Freeman 2001; Oza 2001; Walby 2000). Since the mid- 1980s, India has pursued a policy of economic liberalization, which was a dramatic reversal of earlier policies of protecting domestic industrial capital. It has been argued that the privatization of public sector enterprises, reduction in public sector investment, and lower government expenditure on poverty eradication pro- grams have not served the interests of women† (Ganguly-Scrase, 545). Although India is behind in its literacy rate for women and there are fewer women enrolled in school compared to men, it does not mean the opportunity is not there. Ray states, â€Å"There currently exist two conceptualizations of conditions under which women mobilize. These conditions are either structural and universal or historically and locationally specific, with local variations obstructing or facilitating the specific forms of women's movements† (Ray, 52). Many families, especially in more rural communities, keep older traditions. Traditions where the women’s roles are to take care of their families and husbands and literacy and education are not primary concerns. There has been progress made towards achieving more equality among the number of girls and boys who attend and finish school. Organizations have been put into place to educate the people in rural communities in India. For many years the women of India have been mistreated and abused. These blatant violations of women’s rights have been swept under the carpet even after the Constitution was amended and India declared its independence from Great Britain. These feats and more have pushed the development of human rights for women in India, but there is still progress to be made. The way women have been and continue to be treated is a concern that women and men all over the world must face and work to correct. Until we recognize that not all places are as well off as we are, the injustices cannot be set right. Works Cited Amnesty International. â€Å"Women's Human Rights. † Amnesty International USA. Amnesty International, 2001. Web. 11 April 2010. Ganguly-Scrase, Ruchira. â€Å"Paradoxes of Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality: The Worldviews of the Lower Middle Class in West Bengal, India. † Gender and Society 17. 4 (2003): 544-566. Web. 2 Apr 2010. Jejeebhoy, Shireen J. â€Å"Convergence and Divergence in Spouses' Persoectives on Women's Autonomy in Rural India. Studies in Family Planning 33. 4 (2002): 299-308. Web. 9 Apr 2010. Moursund, Anne. â€Å"Individual and Community Effects of Women's Education and Autonomy on Contraceptive Use in India. † Population Studies 57. 3 (2003): 285-301. Web. 2 Apr 2010. Purkayastha, Bandana. â€Å"The Study of Gender in India: A Partial Review. † Gender and Society 17. 4 (2003): 503-524. Web. 9 Apr 2010. Ray, R. , and A. C. Korteweg. â€Å"Women's Movements in the Third World: Identity, Mobilization, and Autonomy. † Annual Review of Sociology 25. (1999): 47-71. Web. 9 Apr 2010.

Animal Abuse and Youth Violence Essays

Animal Abuse and Youth Violence Essays Animal Abuse and Youth Violence Essay Animal Abuse and Youth Violence Essay Although legal definitions of animal abuse vary, it is a crime in every State, and many States have enacted laws establishing certain forms of cruelty to animals as felony offenses. The forms of abuse to which animals may be subjected are similar to the forms of abuse children experience, including physical abuse, serious neglect, and even psychological abuse. It has been said that violence begets violence, but what do we know about the nature of the relationship between the abuse of animals and aggressive behavior towards human beings? This paper describes psychiatric, psychological, and criminal research linking animal abuse to violence perpetrated by juveniles and adults. Particular attention is focused on the prevalence of cruelty to animals by children and adolescents and to the role of animal abuse as a possible symptom of conduct disorder. In addition, the motivations and etiology underlying the maltreatment of animals are thoroughly reviewed. The abuse of sentient creatures demands our attention. The research includes recommendations to curb such cruelty, while providing information for additional resources concerned with violence perpetrated against animals and people. It is my hope that the information that this paper offers will contribute to reducing both forms of violence. Introduction: The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the relation between cruelty to animals, or animal abuse, and serious violent behavior, especially among youthful offenders. As an illustration, a recent study by Verlinden (2000) of 9 school shootings in the United States (from Moses Lake, WA, in 1996 to Conyers, GA, in 1999) reported that 5 (45 percent) of the 11 perpetrators had histories of alleged animal abuse. The well-documented example was the case of Luke Woodham who, in the April before his October 1997 murder of his mother and two schoolmates, tortured and killed his own pet dog (Ascione, 1999). It is argued here that animal abuse has received insufficient attention- in fact, is sometimes explicitly excluded (e. . , Stone and Kelner, 2000)- as one of a number of â€Å"red flags,† warning signs, or sentinel behaviors that could help identify youth at risk for perpetrating interpersonal violence (a relation first noted in the psychiatric literature by Pinel in 1809) and youth who have themselves been victimized. Defining Animal Abuse: All 50 States have legislation relating to animal abuse. Most States categorize it as a misdemeanor offense , and 30 States also have instituted felony-level statutes for certain forms of cruelty to animals. However, legal definitions of animal abuse, and even the types of animals that are covered by these statutes, differ from State to State (Ascione and Lockwood, 2001). The research literature also fails to yield a consistent definition of animal abuse or cruelty to animals; however, the following definition captures features common to most attempts to define this behavior: â€Å"socially unacceptable behavior that intentionally causes unnecessary pain, suffering, or distress to and/or death of an animal† (Ascione, 1993). This definition excludes practices that may cause harm to animals yet are socially condoned (e. . , legal hunting, certain agricultural and veterinary practices). Because the status of a particular animal may vary from one culture to another, the definition takes into account the social contexts that help determine what is considered animal abuse. For the purposes of this review, the animals that are victims of abuse are most often vertebrates because this is t he category of animals to which are attributed the greatest capacity for experiencing and displaying pain and distress. The forms of abuse to which animals may be subjected are parallel to the forms of child maltreatment. Animals may be physically or sexually abused, may be seriously neglected, and, some might argue, may be psychologically abused. Prevalence of Cruelty to Animals by Children and Adolescents: Because cruelty to animals is not monitored systematically in national crime reporting systems, researchers must rely on data from studies in developmental psychology and psychopathology to estimate the prevalence of this problem behavior in samples of youth. A number of assessment instruments that address child behavior problems include a question about cruelty to animals. However, â€Å"cruelty† is not always explicitly defined for the respondent, so it is difficult to determine the exact behaviors that are being reported. Using the Achenbach-Conners-Quay Behavior Checklist (ACQ), Achenbach and colleagues (1991) collected parent or guardian reports of problem behaviors for 2,600 boys and girls ages 4 to 16 who had been referred to mental health clinics and a control group of 2,600 boys and girls of the same age. The no referred children constituted a representative sample of the U. S. opulation, based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and place of residence. These children had been screened for the absence of mental health referrals in the past year. The referred children were drawn from 18 mental health clinics across the United States. Potential candidates for inclusion in the non-referred and referred groups were excluded if they were mentally retarded, had a serious physical illness, or had a handicap. One item on the ACQ asks the respond ent whether their child or adolescent has been â€Å"cruel to animals† in the past 2 months. Respondents can answer using the following 4-point scale: 0 = never or not at all true (as far as you know), 1 = once in a while or just a little, 2 = quite often or quite a lot or 3 = very often or very much. In their statistical analysis of individual ACQ items, Achenbach and colleagues noted that cruelty to animals was significantly higher for referred youth, boys, and younger children. There was a relatively low frequency of cruelty to animals in the non-referred sample (0–13 percent) in comparison with the referred sample (7–34 percent). Eighteen to twenty-five percent of referred boys between the ages of 6 and 16 were reported to have been cruel to animals, and the data suggest this item’s incidence has greater stability through childhood and adolescence for boys than for girls. Data on the prevalence of cruelty to animals are also provided in the manuals for the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC), perhaps one of the most widely used checklists for child behavior problems, which is available in separate versions for 2- to 3- year-olds (Achenbach, 1992) and 4- to 18- year-olds (Achenbach, 1991). The cruelty Youth to animals item on the CBC (which uses a â€Å"past 2 months† timeframe for 2- to 3-yearolds and a â€Å"past 6 months† timeframe for 4- to 18-year-olds) is scored on a 3-point scale: 0 = not true (as far as you know), 1 = somewhat or sometimes true, or 2 = very true or often true. Referred and non-referred boys and girls can be compared for each of three age groups. Data on acts of vandalism committed by the two older age groups are included for comparison. Again, cruelty to animals is more often reported for younger children and boys, especially those referred for mental health services. Research also suggests that reported rates of cruelty to animals (for youth ages 4 and older) are higher than or similar to reported rates of vandalism, a problem behavior about which more systematic juvenile crime data are available. Limitations of Adult Reports on Children’s Cruelty to Animals: Both the ACQ and CBC rely on caretakers’ reports, and comparable information from youth’s self-reports of cruelty to animals is not available. The reliance on caretakers’ reports, however, could be problematic because animal abuse may be performed covertly (a characteristic shared with youth vandalism and fire setting) and caretakers may be unaware of the presence of this behavior in their children. Offord, Boyle, and Racine (1991) surveyed a nonclinical sample of 1,232 Canadian parents/guardians and their 12- to 16- year-old boys and girls. They asked respondents (both parents/guardians and adolescents) to report on a number of CD symptoms, based on a 3-point scale identical to the one used with the CBC. This data suggests that parents and guardians may seriously underestimate cruelty to animals, with boys self reporting this behavior at 3. 8 times the rate of parents/guardians and the girls at 7. 6 times the parent/guardian rate. Similar underestimates appear for two other CD symptoms, vandalism and fire setting, that may often be covert and, therefore, unknown to or undetected by parents or guardians. Animal Abuse and Violent Offending: Animal abuse and interpersonal violence toward humans share common characteristics: both types of victims are living creatures, have a capacity for experiencing pain and distress, can display physical signs of their pain and distress (with which humans could empathize), and may die as a result of inflicted injuries. Given these commonalities, it is not surprising that early research in this area, much of it using retrospective assessment, examined percent of the former group reported cruelty to animals compared with 0 percent of the latter. Miller and Knutson (1997) examined self reports of animal abuse by 299 inmates incarcerated for various felony offenses and 308 introductory psychology class undergraduates. The percentages of inmates and undergraduates, respectively, reporting the following types of animal abuse was as follows: â€Å"Hurt an animal? † 16. 4 percent and 9. 7 percent, â€Å"Killed a stray? † 32. 8 percent and 14. 3 percent, and â€Å"Killed a pet? † 12 percent and 3. 2 percent. More recently, Schiff, Louw, and Ascione (1999) surveyed 117 men incarcerated in a South African prison about their childhood animal abuse. Of the 58 men who had committed crimes of aggression, 63. 3 percent admitted to cruelty to animals; of the 59 nonaggressive inmates, the percentage was 10. 5 percent. In a study of 28 convicted, incarcerated sexual homicide perpetrators (all men), Ressler, Burgess, and Douglas (1988) assessed the men’s self-reports of cruelty to animals in childhood and adolescence. Childhood animal abuse was reported by 36 percent of the perpetrators, and 46 percent admitted to abusing animals as adolescents. Thirty-six percent of these men said they had also abused animals in adulthood. In a study by Tingle et al. (1986) of 64 convicted male sex offenders, animal abuse in childhood or adolescence was reported by 48 percent of the rapists and 30 percent of the child molesters. Taken together, these studies suggest that animal abuse may be characteristic of the developmental histories of between one in four and nearly two in three violent adult offenders. Motivations That May Underlie Animal Abuse by Children and Adolescents: Whenever high-profile cases of animal abuse are reported in the media, a common public reaction is to ask: â€Å"Why would someone do that? Burying puppies alive, shooting wild mustangs, setting a dog on fire, beating a petting zoo donkey- these and countless other examples offend the public by their seemingly senseless cruelty. In an effort to better understand this phenomenon, Kellert and Felthous (1985: 1122–1124) interviewed abusers and discovered a number of motivations that may characterize adult cruelty to animals, some of which ma y also be applicable to animal abuse perpetrated by juveniles: To control an animal (i. e. , animal abuse as discipline or â€Å"training†). To retaliate against an animal. To satisfy a prejudice against a species or breed (e. g. , hatred of cats). To express aggression through an animal (i. e. , training an animal to attack, using inflicted pain to create a â€Å"mean† dog). To enhance one’s own aggressiveness (e. g. , using an animal victim for target practice). To shock people for amusement. To retaliate against other people (by hurting their pets or abusing animals in their presence). To displace hostility from a person to an animal (i. e. , attacking a vulnerable animal when assaulting the real human target is judged too risky). To experience nonspecific sadism (i. e. ,enjoying the suffering experienced by the animal victim, in and of itself). Child and adolescent motivations for animal abuse have not been studied as extensively. However, case reports and a youth interview study (using the Cruelty to Animals Assessment Instrument) conducted by Ascione, Thompson, and Black (1997) suggest a number of developmentally related motivations: Curiosity or exploration (i. e. , the animal is injured or killed in the process of being examined, usually by a young or developmentally delayed child). Peer pressure (e. g. , peers may encourage animal abuse or require it as part of an initiation rite). Mood enhancement (e. g. , animal abuse is used to relieve boredom or depression). Sexual gratification (i. e. , bestiality). Forced abuse (i. e. , the child is coerced into animal abuse by a more powerful individual). Attachment to an animal (e. g. , the child kills an animal to prevent its torture by another individual). Animal phobias (that cause a preemptive attack on a feared animal). Identification with the child’s abuser (e. g. a victimized child may try to regain a sense of power by victimizing a more vulnerable animal). Posttraumatic p lay (i. e. , reenacting violent episodes with an animal victim). Imitation (i. e. , copying a parent’s or other adult’s abusive â€Å"discipline† of animals). Self-injury (i. e. , using an animal to inflict injuries on the child’s own body). Rehearsal for interpersonal violence (i. e. , â€Å"practicing† violence on stray animals or pets before engaging in violent acts against other people). Vehicle for emotional abuse (e. g. , injuring a sibling’s pet to frighten the sibling). CD assessments are not usually designed to discover the underlying reasons for a child’s or adolescent’s cruelty to animals, but as with juvenile firesetting (discussed below), understanding motivations may be critical for designing effective intervention strategies. A recent review by Agnew (1998) provides a more extensive treatment of the social-psychological causes of animal abuse. As noted by Ascione and Lockwood (2001), one model that could be used to develop an animal abuse assessment instrument is the approach that has been taken to assess juvenile fire setting. Firesetting shares many features with animal abuse: both are CD symptoms, may reflect developmental changes, may share etiological factors, may often be performed covertly, and may be early sentinels for later psychological problems. Some children may manifest both problem behaviors. Wooden and Berkey (1984) noted the co-occurrence of cruelty to animals in a sample of 69 fire setters ages 4–17: cruelty to animals was reported for 46 percent of 4- to 8-year-olds, 9 percent of 9- to 12-year-olds, and 12 percent of 13- to 17-year-olds. The authors caution that the lower rates for older children and adolescents may be related to the covert nature of this behavior, as children experience greater independence and venture farther from home for more prolonged periods. Sakheim and Osborne (1994) reported similar results with samples of children who set fires and those who did not . Fifty percent of the fire setters’ parents reported that their children had been cruel â€Å"to children or animals,† but only 9 percent of parents of the children who did not set fires reported the same (p

Spotlight on Appalachian Author Cynthia Rylant

Spotlight on Appalachian Author Cynthia Rylant Cynthia Rylant has written more than 60 childrens books since her first book was published in 1982. Her work has been honored with numerous awards, including a Newbery Medal. Rylant writes both picture books and novels for older readers. In a few cases, she has also illustrated her own books. Cynthia Rylants Early Years Cynthia Rylant was born in Virginia. After her parents divorced, Cynthia went to live with her grandparents in Cool Ridge, West Virginia, while her mother attended nursing school. When Cynthia was eight, she and her mother moved to Beaver, West Virginia. Although she went on to college and graduate school, ultimately earning a masters degree from Kent State University in Ohio, her early years had a great impact on her writing. The Appalachian Influence Cynthia Rylants first book, When I Was Young in the Mountains, is based on her life with her grandparents in the 1950s. The family lived simply, with no electricity or running water but enjoyed living in the country. The book was designated a Caldecott Honor Book for the quality of the artwork by Diane Goode that so effectively illustrated the text. The Relatives Came, illustrated by Stephen Gammell, was also a Caldecott Honor Book. It was published in 1985. Rylant went on to write other books that were set in Appalachia. Appalachia: The Voices of Sleeping Birds benefits from the fact that the illustrator, as well as the artist, grew up in Appalachia. Barry Moshers watercolors help to bring Rylants words to life. The book was published in 1991. In 1996, Silver Packages: An Appalachian Christmas Story was published. Most Popular Characters If you didnt immediately recognize Cynthia Rylants name, you will probably recognize some of the characters she has created. Four- to eight-year-olds love Poppleton, Henry and Mudge, and Mr. Putter and Tabby. Poppleton is a very large pig who has wonderful adventures in a series of books for beginning readers. Mr. Putter is an old man who adopts an old cat, Tabby. The most popular characters of all are Henry and Mudge. There are over 20 Henry and Mudge books. They are excellent for young readers in grades 1-3. Younger children enjoy them as read-aloud books. Henry is a little boy, who has no one to play with until he gets a dog. Mudge grows from a tiny puppy into a 180-pound loveable companion. While the books have illustrations like picture books, they are divided into several chapters, creating a nice transition for young readers ready for something more than picture books. Books for Children Ages 9 to 12 Cynthia Rylants books for children in grades 5-8 have also won acclaim. The topics tend to be more serious than many of her picture books. Rylant was honored with a Newbery Medal for Missing May, a story of love and coping with the death of a loved one. A Fine White Dust was also a Newbery Honor Book. Rylant now lives in the Pacific Northwest and her haunting novel The Islander is set on an island off of British Columbia.

Ethical dilemma paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical dilemma - Research Paper Example Therefore, they might base on it when making important decisions in their practice. However, like in other professions, there are different issues in the military, which pose a challenge to them in their ethical decision-making. Military personnel are expected to respect life, and uphold high moral standards (Snider, 2009). However, there are incidences, where the army is ethically challenged. I perceive the use of torture by the army as resulting from an ethical dilemma. When the army goes on a mission, they are exposed to insecurity and harm, danger, and attacks from their enemies. Therefore, the military have to be cautious and protective, while bearing in mind that the military standards expect the army to act ethically in all situations. Sometimes, the set military standards might conflict with the attitude of the military. This way, it becomes challenging for them to make an ethical decision. As identified, the military might torture their enemies in order to protect their othe r military colleagues, as a form of revenge, or in order to extract information from them, among other reasons. The military policy, which is important for handling this type of ethic and addressing its violation is found in the military code of ethics, and relates to the battlefield ethics. Here, all military personnel are expected to protect their fellow colleagues, the nation, the constitution, and civilians. The army is also required to cater for the captured enemies by providing them with first aid, and other basic human needs. Therefore, torture of enemy prisoners by the military is forbidden, and the army is expected to treat civilians in a humane manner (Cassey, 2009). Nonetheless, this regulation is not adequate, as it does not provide clear information on what how the army should act when faced with a dilemma. This regulation therefore, expects that the military respect life, including the life of their enemies. However, its failure to offer more provisions, which could ad dress complex issues that might arise, has influenced the military at the individual and group level. For instance, the army engages in torture in order to protect their colleagues. This might be done individually or as a group. Therefore, torture might be undertaken by the army for different reasons, some of which are in line with the code of ethics. Therefore, the regulation on this issue should have come out more clearly, with clear circumstances under which torture is prohibited. In this case, the military will follow their personal convictions. This issue also affects my practice. Therefore, I have a role to play to promote ethics among the military. Although various aspects factor in to cause the army to turn to torture, sometimes it is possible to act ethically without employing torture. For instance, in one study among the US army, findings showed that the army deployed for a long time experience mental health problems including depression and trauma (Ricks & Tyson, 2007). A lthough this might influence the decision-making of the military, it is important that they seek medical assistance when they exhibit these signs. Raising awareness on this among fellow colleagues would help to promote ethics in the military. In another research conducted among the navy, approximately two-thirds of the Marines interviewed, as well as half of the army agreed that they would not report their colleague, who engaged in torture and property destruction of civilians

Student debt management and student budgeting Research Paper

Student debt management and student budgeting - Research Paper Example Rising inflationary pressure and skyrocketing tuition fees are expected to make the situation worse. There is an overwhelming need to allow students to deal with debt management and budgeting in order to make the most out of an educational career. This memo delineates various online sources to help students with their debt and budget management. Online sources analyzed for this task have been assessed under three different suitability criteria – ease of understanding, ease of navigation and relevance to fiscal management. Ease of understanding is included the primary criteria since all students may not be able to comprehend fiscal language well. Ease of navigation is the secondary criteria since finding the right resource at the right time to deal with a fiscal management problem is essential to student debt and budget management. Relevance to fiscal management is the tertiary criteria since myriad material is available online but only some websites offer true fiscal management techniques. CanLearn covers all aspects of educational financing including secondary and post-secondary education. The information presented on CanLearn is specific to the Canadian educational scenario. Information included covers various methods of educational financing including financial aid, scholarships and student loans. CanLearn covers various aspects of student loan financing and repayment in detail though the language is a little advanced. In contrast, Debt 101 presents a simple interface coupled with direct and to the point articles. The information covered on Debt 101 uses simplified language that covers basic as well as advanced student fiscal management topics. This ensures that the information presented on Debt 101 appeals to simple as well as advanced student debt managers. In addition to student loans, Debt 101 offers budgeting tips and techniques that are arranged in a simple interface. This adds to